Catabolite activator protein
Catabolite activator protein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Catabolite activator protein
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP; also known as cAMP receptor protein ,CRP ) is a transcriptional activator that exists as a homodimer in solution, with each subunit comprising a ligand -binding domain at the N-terminus (CAPN , residues 1-138), which is also responsible for the dimerization of the protein, and a DNA-binding domain at the C-terminus (DBD, residues 139-209).cyclic AMP ) molecules bind dimeric CAP with negative cooperativity and function as allosteric effectors by increasing the protein's affinity for DNA . Cytosolic cAMP levels rise when the amount of glucose transported into the cell is low.
CAP has a characteristic helix-turn-helix structure that allows it to bind to successive major grooves on DNA. The two helices are reinforcing each, causing a 43° turn in the structure, so overall causing a 94° degree turn in the DNA.
This opens the DNA molecule up, allowing RNA polymerase to bind and transcribe the genes involved in lactose catabolism .lac operon
CAP is responsible for catabolite repression , a well-known example of a modulon .
External links References
(1) Basic domains
Activating transcription factor (
AATF ,
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
7 )
· AP-1 (
c-Fos ,
FOSB ,
FOSL1 ,
FOSL2 ,
JDP2 ,
c-Jun ,
JUNB ,
JUND )
· BACH (
1 ,
2 )
· BATF · BLZF1 · C/EBP (
α ,
β ,
γ ,
δ ,
ε ,
ζ )
· CREB (
1 ,
3 ,
L1 )
· CREM · DBP · DDIT3 · GABPA · HLF · MAF (
B ,
F ,
G ,
K )
· NFE (
2 ,
L1 ,
L2 ,
L3 )
· NFIL3 · NRL · NRF (
1 ,
2 ,
3 )
· XBP1
(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (
bHLH )
ATOH1 · AhR · AHRR · ARNT · ASCL1 · BHLH (
2 ,
9 )
· BMAL (
ARNTL ,
ARNTL2 )
· CLOCK · EPAS1 · FIGLA · HAND (
1 ,
2 )
· HES (
5 ,
6 )
· HEY (
1 ,
2 ,
L )
· HES1 · HIF (
1A ,
3A )
· ID (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 )
· LYL1 · MESP2 · MXD4 · MYCL1 · MYCN · Myogenic regulatory factors (
MyoD ,
Myogenin ,
MYF5 ,
MYF6 )
· Neurogenins (
1 ,
2 ,
3 )
· NeuroD (
1 ,
2 )
· NPAS (
1 ,
2 ,
3 )
· OLIG (
1 ,
2 )
· Pho4 · Scleraxis · SIM (
1 ,
2 )
· TAL (
1 ,
2 )
· Twist · USF1
(1.4) NF-1
(1.5) RF-X
(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
subfamily 1 (
Thyroid hormone (
α ,
β ),
CAR ,
FXR ,
LXR (
α ,
β ),
PPAR (
α ,
β/δ ,
γ ),
PXR ,
RAR (
α ,
β ,
γ ),
ROR (
α ,
β ,
γ ),
Rev-ErbA (
α ,
β ),
VDR )
subfamily 2 (
COUP-TF (
I ,
II ),
Ear-2 ,
HNF4 (
α ,
γ ),
PNR ,
RXR (
α ,
β ,
γ ),
Testicular receptor (
2 ,
4 ),
TLX )
subfamily 3 (
Steroid hormone (
Androgen ,
Estrogen (
α ,
β ),
Glucocorticoid ,
Mineralocorticoid ,
Progesterone ),
Estrogen related (
α ,
β ,
γ ))
subfamily 4 NUR (
NGFIB ,
NOR1 ,
NURR1 )
· subfamily 5 (
LRH-1 ,
SF1 )
· subfamily 6 (
GCNF )
· subfamily 0 (
DAX1 ,
SHP )
(2.2) Other Cys4
(2.3) Cys2 His2
General transcription factors (
TFIIA ,
TFIIB ,
TFIID ,
TFIIE (
1 ,
2 ),
TFIIF (
1 ,
2 ),
TFIIH (
1 ,
2 ,
4 ,
2I ,
3A ,
3C1 ,
3C2 ))
ATBF1 · BCL (
6 ,
11A ,
11B )
· CTCF · E4F1 · EGR (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 )
· ERV3 · GFI1 · GLI-Krüppel family (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
REST ,
S1 ,
S2 ,
YY1 )
· HIC (
1 ,
2 )
· HIVEP (
1 ,
2 ,
3 )
· IKZF (
1 ,
2 ,
3 )
· ILF (
2 ,
3 )
· KLF (
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
7 ,
8 ,
9 ,
10 ,
11 ,
12 ,
13 ,
14 ,
15 ,
17 )
· MTF1 · MYT1 · OSR1 · PRDM9 · SALL (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 )
· SP (
1 ,
2 ,
4 ,
7 ,
8 )
· TSHZ3 · WT1 · Zbtb7 (
7A ,
7B )
· ZBTB (
11 ,
16 ,
17 ,
20 ,
32 ,
33 ,
40 )
· zinc finger (
3 ,
7 ,
9 ,
10 ,
19 ,
22 ,
24 ,
33B ,
34 ,
35 ,
41 ,
43 ,
44 ,
51 ,
74 ,
143 ,
146 ,
148 ,
165 ,
202 ,
217 ,
219 ,
238 ,
239 ,
259 ,
267 ,
268 ,
281 ,
295 ,
300 ,
318 ,
330 ,
346 ,
350 ,
365 ,
366 ,
384 ,
423 ,
451 ,
452 ,
471 ,
593 ,
638 ,
644 ,
649 ,
655 )
(2.4) Cys6
(2.5) Alternating composition
(2.6) WRKY
ARX · CDX (
1 ,
2 )
· CRX · CUTL1 · DBX (
1 ,
2 )
· DLX (
3 ,
4 ,
5 )
· EMX (
1 ,
2 )
· EN (
1 ,
2 )
· FHL (
1 ,
2 ,
3 )
· HESX1 · HHEX · HLX · Homeobox (
A1 ,
A2 ,
A3 ,
A4 ,
A5 ,
A7 ,
A9 ,
A10 ,
A11 ,
A13 ,
B1 ,
B2 ,
B3 ,
B4 ,
B5 ,
B6 ,
B7 ,
B8 ,
B9 ,
B13 ,
C4 ,
C5 ,
C6 ,
C8 ,
C9 ,
C10 ,
C11 ,
C12 ,
C13 ,
D1 ,
D3 ,
D4 ,
D8 ,
D9 ,
D10 ,
D11 ,
D12 ,
D13 )
· HOPX · IRX (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
MKX )
· LMX (
1A ,
1B )
· MEIS (
1 ,
2 )
· MEOX2 · MNX1 · MSX (
1 ,
2 )
· NANOG · NKX (
2-1 ,
2-2 ,
2-3 ,
2-5 ,
3-1 ,
3-2 ,
6-1 ,
6-2 )
· NOBOX · PBX (
1 ,
2 ,
3 )
· PHF (
1 ,
3 ,
6 ,
8 ,
10 ,
16 ,
17 ,
20 ,
21A )
· PHOX (
2A ,
2B )
· PITX (
1 ,
2 ,
3 )
· POU domain (
PIT-1 ,
BRN-3 :
A ,
B ,
C ,
Octamer transcription factor :
1 ,
2 ,
3/4 ,
6 ,
7 ,
11 )
· OTX (
1 ,
2 )
· PDX1 · SATB2 · SHOX2 · SIX (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 )
· VAX1 · ZEB (
1 ,
2 )
(3.2) Paired box
E2F (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 )
· FOX proteins (
A1 ,
A2 ,
A3 ,
C1 ,
C2 ,
D3 ,
D4 ,
E1 ,
E3 ,
F1 ,
G1 ,
H1 ,
I1 ,
J1 ,
J2 ,
K1 ,
K2 ,
L2 ,
M1 ,
N1 ,
N3 ,
O1 ,
O3 ,
O4 ,
P1 ,
P2 ,
P3 ,
P4 )
(3.5) Tryptophan clusters
ELF (
2 ,
4 ,
5 )
· EGF · ELK (
1 ,
3 ,
4 )
· ERF · ETS (
1 ,
2 ,
ERG ,
SPIB )
· ETV (
1 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 )
· FLI1 · Interferon regulatory factors (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
7 ,
8 )
· MYB · MYBL2
(3.6) TEA domain
transcriptional enhancer factor (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 )
(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(4.3) p53
BBX · HMGB (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 )
· HMGN (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 )
· HNF (
1A ,
1B )
· LEF1 · SOX (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
8 ,
9 ,
10 ,
11 ,
12 ,
13 ,
14 ,
15 ,
18 ,
21 )
· SRY · SSRP1 · TCF (
3 ,
4 )
· TOX (
1 ,
2 ,
3 ,
4 )
(4.9) Grainyhead
(4.10) Cold-shock domain
(4.11) Runt
(0) Other transcription factors
(0.2) HMGI(Y)
(0.6) Miscellaneous
ARID (
1A ,
1B ,
2 ,
3A ,
3B ,
4A )
· CAP · IFI (
16 ,
35 )
· MLL (
2 ,
3 ,
T1 )
· MNDA · NFY (
A ,
B ,
C )
· Rho /
Sigma
see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies
B bsyn : dna (repl , cycl , reco , repr ) · tscr (fact , tcrg , nucl , rnat , rept , ptts ) · tltn (risu , pttl , nexn ) · dnab , rnab /runp · stru (domn , 1° , 2° , 3° , 4° )
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