Dopamine antagonist

Dopamine receptor antagonist Dopaminergic blockers
Drug class
Skeletal structor formula of Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic
Use	Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, nausea and vomiting, etc.
Biological target	Dopamine receptors
ATC code	N05A
External links
MeSH	D012559

A dopamine antagonist is a drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism. There are five known types of dopamine receptors in the human body; they are found in the brain, peripheral nervous system, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract and the kidney.

Uses and examples

Clozapine, a second generation antipsychotic

Dopamine receptor antagonists are used for some diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, nausea and vomiting. It can also control the symptoms of hypersexuality and increased orgasmic activity.

Antidopaminergics such as haloperidol can be an antidote for poisoning with cocaine, amphetamines and dopamine agonists such as Bromocriptine and/or Ropinirole.

• Agents such as atypical antipsychotics (coupled with serotonin antagonist effects): clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and ziprasidone
• Used as antiemetics: metoclopramide, droperidol, domperidone, promethazine
• Used as tricyclic antidepressants: amoxapine, clomipramine, trimipramine

Side effects

They may include:

• Anxiety disorders (such as social phobia)
• Dysphoria and clinical depression
• Extrapyramidal symptoms, including:
  • Akathisia
  • Parkinsonism due to effects on the nigrostriatal pathway
  • Tardive dyskinesia (long-term use)
• Galactorrhea due to removal of dopamine-mediated inhibition of prolactin release from lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary
• Hyperprolactinaemia due to effects on the tuberoinfundibular pathway
• Increased appetite
• Irritability and aggression
• Low libido, sexual dysfunction and impotence due to blockage of the pleasure center (dopaminergic pathways)
• Menstrual disorder
• Metabolic changes with increased risk of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2
• Neuroleptic Induced Deficit Syndrome (long-term use)
• Paranoia
• Sedation or psychomotor agitation
• Symptoms similar to ADHD
• Symptoms similar to narcolepsy

Examples

Examples of Dopamine antagonists include:

• acepromazine
• amisulpride
• amoxapine
• azaperone
• benperidol
• bromopride
• butaclamol
• clomipramine (mild)
• chlorpromazine
• chlorprothixene
• clopenthixol
• domperidone
• droperidol
• eticlopride
• flupenthixol
• fluphenazine
• fluspirilene
• haloperidol
• hydroxyzine
• iodobenzamide
• loxapine
• mesoridazine
• levomepromazine
• metoclopramide
• nafadotride
• nemonapride
• olanzapine
• penfluridol
• perazine
• perphenazine
• pimozide
• prochlorperazine
• promazine
• raclopride
• remoxipride
• risperidone
• spiperone
• spiroxatrine
• stepholidine
• sulpiride
• sultopride
• tetrahydropalmatine
• thiethylperazine
• thioridazine
• thiothixene
• tiapride
• trifluoperazine
• trifluperidol
• triflupromazine
• ziprasidone

See also

• Dopamine agonist
• Dopaminergic
• Serotonin antagonist
• Adrenergic antagonist
• Histamine antagonist
• Acetylcholine antagonist
• GABA antagonist

External links

• Dopamine antagonists at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)