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Suggest pagesJagiellonian dynasty
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This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (July 2006) |
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| Country | Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Bohemia |
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| Ancestral house | Gediminids |
| Titles | Grand Duke of Lithuania, King of Poland, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia |
| Founder | Jagiello |
| Final sovereign | Anna Jagiellon |
| Founding | 1377 |
| Dissolution | 1572 |
The Jagiellonian dynasty (Polish: Jagiellonowie, Lithuanian: Jogailaičiai, Czech: Jagellonci, Hungarian: Jagelló, Belarusian: Ягелоны) was a royal dynasty originating from the Lithuanian House of Gediminas that reigned in Central European countries (present day Lithuania, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, parts of Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia) between the 14th and 16th centuries. Members of the dynasty were Grand Dukes of Lithuania (1377–1392 and 1440–1572), Kings of Poland (1386–1572), Kings of Hungary (1440–1444 and 1490–1526), and Kings of Bohemia (1471–1526).
The dynastic union between the Poland and Lithuania (converted into a full administrative union in 1569) is the reason for the common appellation "Poland–Lithuania" in discussions about the area from the Late Middle Ages onward. One Jagiellonian briefly ruled both Poland and Hungary (1440–44), and two others ruled both Bohemia and Hungary (1490–1526) and then continued in the distaff line as the Eastern branch of the House of Habsburg.
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Name
The name comes from Jagiełło, the first Polish king of that dynasty. In Polish, the dynasty is known as Jagiellonowie and the patronymic form: Jagiellończyk; in Lithuanian it is called Jogailaičiai, in Belarusian Яґайлавічы (Jagajłavičy), in Hungarian Jagellók, and in Czech Jagellonci, as well as Jagello or Jagellon in Latin.
Pre-dynasty background
The rule of Piasts, the earlier Polish ruling house (c. 962–1370) had ended with the death of Casimir III.
Gediminids (Lithuanian: Gediminaičiai), the immediate predecessors of the first Jagiellonian, were rulers of medieval Lithuania with the title of Grand Duke. Their realm, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was chiefly inhabited by Lithuanians and Ruthenians.
Jogaila, the eponymous first ruler of the Jagiellonin dynasty, started as the Grand Duke of Lithuania. He then converted to Christianity and married the 11-year-old Jadwiga of Poland, the second of Poland's Angevin rulers. Thereby he became King of Poland and founded the dynasty.
Rulers of the House of Jagiello
The Jagiellonian rulers of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (with dates of ruling in brackets) were:
- Jogaila (in Lithuania 1377–1401; as Władysław II Jagiełło in the Crown 1386–1434)
- Władysław III of Poland (in the Crown 1434–1444)
- Casimir IV Jagiellon (1447–1492)
- John I Albert (in the Crown 1492–1501)
- Alexander Jagiellon (1501–1505)
- Sigismund I the Old (1506–1548)
- Sigismund II Augustus (1548–1572)
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Vladislaus II (Jogaila) ca.1351–1434 G. Duke of Lithuania, 1377–1401 King of Poland, 1386–1434 |
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Elisabeth Bonifacia 1399 |
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Hedwig 1408–1431 |
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Vladislaus III 1424–1444 King of Poland, 1434–1444 King of Hungary, 1440–1444 |
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Casimir 1426–1427 |
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Casimir IV 1427–1492 G. Duke of Lithuania, 1440–1492 King of Poland, 1447–1492 |
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| Vladislaus II 1456–1516 King of Bohemia, 1471–1516 King of Hungary, 1490–1516 |
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Hedwig 1457–1502 Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut, 1475–1502 |
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Saint Casimir 1458–1484 |
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John I Albert 1459–1501 King of Poland, 1492–1501 |
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Alexander 1461–1506 G. Duke of Lithuania, 1492–1506 King of Poland, 1501–1506 |
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Sophia 1464–1512 Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach, 1479–1512 |
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Elisabeth 1465–1566 |
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Sigismund I 1467–1548 King of Poland and G. Duke of Lithuania, 1506–1548 |
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Frederick 1468–1503 Bishop of Kraków, 1488–1503 Archbishop of Gniezno, 1493–1503 |
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Elisabeth 1472–after 1480 |
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Anna 1476–1503 Duchess of Pomerania, 1491–1503 |
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Barbara 1478–1534 Margravine of Meissen, 1494–1534 |
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Elisabeth ca.1483–1517 Duchess of Liegnitz, 1515–1517 |
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| Anna 1503–1547 Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, 1526–1547 Queen of the Romans, 1531–1547 |
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Louis II 1506–1526 King of Hungary and Bohemia, 1516–1526 |
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Hedwig 1513–1573 Electress of Brandenburg, 1535–1573 |
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Anna 1515–1520 |
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Isabella 1519–1559 Queen of Hungary, 1539–1540 |
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Sigismund II Augustus 1520–1571 King of Poland and G. Duke of Lithuania, 1548–1572 |
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Sophia 1522–1575 Duchess of Brunswick- Wolfenbüttel, 1556–1568 |
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Anna 1523–1596 Queen of Poland and G. Duchess of Lithuania, 1575–1586 |
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Catherine 1526–1583 Duchess of Finland, 1562–1583 Queen of Sweden, 1569–1583 |
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Note: kings are marked in gold, queens – in pale gold.
After Sigismund II Augustus, the dynasty underwent further changes. Sigismund II's heirs were his sisters Anna Jagiellon and Catherine Jagellon. The latter had married Duke John of Finland, who thereby from 1569 became King John III of Sweden, and they had a son, Sigismund III Vasa; as a result, the Polish branch of the Jagiellonians merged with the House of Vasa, which ruled Poland from 1587 until 1668. During the interval, among others, Stephen Báthory, the husband of the childless Anna, reigned.
Bohemia and Hungary
At one point, the Jagiellonians established dynastic control also over the kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary (from 1490 onwards), with Vladislaus Jagiello whom several history books call Vladisla(u)s II. After being elected and crowned King of Hungary, Vladislaus moved his court to Hungary from were he ruled both countries and his children were born and raised.
The Jagiellonian Kings of Bohemia and Hungary:
- Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (Vladislaus Jagiello)
- Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (Louis Jagiello). By Louis' sudden death in Battle of Mohács in 1526, that royal line was extinguished in male line.
- Anna of Bohemia and Hungary, Queen Consort, sister of Louis. Her husband Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor was elected King of Bohemia and Hungary, though the latter title was disputed by John Zápolya and his son, John II Sigismund Zápolya.
- Isabella Jagiellon of Hungary, Queen Consort, daughter of Sigismund I the Old. She was wife of the John Zápolya (the crowned Count John Zápolya) and mother of John II Sigismund Zápolya.
See also
- History of Poland during the Jagiellon dynasty
- List of Czech rulers
- List of Hungarian rulers
- List of Lithuanian rulers
- List of Polish rulers
- The Jagiellonian University in Kraków
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: House of Jagiellon |